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Sir John Duckworth, 1st Baronet
Sir John Thomas Duckworth, 1st Baronet, GCB (9 February 1748 – 31 August 1817) was an officer of the Royal Navy, serving during the Seven Years' War, the American War of Independence, the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, as the Governor of Newfoundland during the War of 1812, and a member of the British House of Commons during his semi-retirement. Duckworth, a vicar's son, achieved much in a naval career that began at the age of 11.
Serving with most of the great names of the Royal Navy during the later 18th and early 19th centuries, he fought almost all of Britain's enemies on the seas at one time or another, including a Dardanelles operation that would be remembered a century later during the First World War. He was in command at the Battle of San Domingo, the last great fleet action of the Napoleonic Wars.〔Allen, vii.〕
==Early life==
Born in Leatherhead, Surrey, England, Duckworth was one of five sons of Sarah Johnson and the vicar Henry Duckworth A.M. of Stoke Poges, County of Buckinghamshire.〔p.173, Debrett〕 The Duckworths were descended from a landed family, with Henry later being installed as Canon of Windsor. John Duckworth went to Eton College, but began his naval career in 1759 at the suggestion of Edward Boscawen, when he entered the Royal Navy as a midshipman on .〔Whiteley〕 ''Namur'' later became part of the fleet under Sir Edward Hawke, and Duckworth was present at the Battle of Quiberon Bay on 20 November 1759. On 5 April 1764 he joined the 50-gun at Chatham, after leaving , to serve with Admiral Hugh Palliser, then Governor of Newfoundland. He served aboard HMS ''Princess Royal'', on which he suffered a concussion when he was hit by the head of another sailor, decapitated by a cannonball.〔p.209, Clarke〕 He spent some months as an acting lieutenant, and was confirmed in the rank on 14 November 1771. He then spent three years aboard the 74-gun , the Plymouth guardship, under Captain Charles Fielding. Fielding was given command of the frigate in early 1776, and he took Duckworth with him as his first lieutenant.〔 Duckworth married Anne Wallis in July 1776, with whom he had a son and a daughter.
After some time in North America, where Duckworth became involved in a court-martial after an accident at Rhode Island on 18 January 1777 left several men dead, the ''Diamond'' was sent to join Vice-Admiral John Byron's fleet in the West Indies. Byron transferred him to his own ship, , in March 1779, and Duckworth was present aboard her at the Battle of Grenada on 6 July 1779. Duckworth was promoted to commander ten days after this and given command of the sloop-of-war . After cruising off Martinique for a time, he was promoted to post captain on 16 June 1780 and given command of the 74-gun . He returned to the ''Princess Royal'' as flag-captain to Rear-Admiral Sir Joshua Rowley, with whom he went to Jamaica. He was briefly in command of , before moving into in February 1781, and returned to England with a trade convoy. In the years of peace before the French Revolution he was a captain of the 74-gun , lying at Plymouth.
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